26th International Symposium ETD 2023
Permanent URI for this collection
Browse
Browsing 26th International Symposium ETD 2023 by Issue Date
Now showing 1 - 20 of 48
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item An Analysis of The Research Output of India’s North-Eastern Region Central Universities in OER With A Special Focus(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Saikia, Mukesh; Singh, Sri Anuj KumarPurpose: In the past few years, technology plays a vital role in the digital era for content creation and its dissemination among readers. Today, Open Educational Resources (OERs) are easily available on the Internet and many educational organisations rely on them for their academic as well as research activities due to their easy licensing policy. Theses and dissertations are known for their rich and unique source of information that is published by educational institutions and organisations. One of the open educational resources that facilitate the digital repository of Indian Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) accessible online is the Shodhganga repository. The present study analyses the research output of North-Eastern’s Central Universities in Shodhganga repository.Item Restructuring and Upgradation of the DSpace-based Institutional Repository of CEPT University Library: A Case Study(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Dobariya, Namrata; Doctor, GayatriThis paper aims to present a strategic overview of the restructuring of the CEPT repository structure, maintaining and upgrading its software for continuous access and improved services. The process of restructuring and upgrading CEPT University Library's repository to DSpace 7 involved identifying the need for technical proficiency, establishing a new server, configuring the repository, and migrating existing data while preparing metadata. Furthermore, data in the new storage hierarchy was restructured, and SSL integration with Shibboleth was implemented. The paper highlights the benefits and outcomes of the restructuring process, emphasizing the enhanced accessibility, discoverability, and preservation of scholarly works. The study discusses the challenges faced by the institution's existing repository, the rationale behind the restructuring, and the step-by-step approach taken to upgrade the repository. The case study serves as a valuable reference for other academic institutions seeking to optimize their institutional repositories.Item Shodhganga Metadata Standards and Other Electronic Theses & Dissertations (ETD) Standards: A Comparative Study and Analysis(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Ranjan, Vivek; Kumar K, Manoj; Agadi, K. B.Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) play a crucial role as valuable scholarly resources, requiring interoperable and internationally standardized metadata for effective discovery and sharing. Shodhganga, hosted by the INFLIBNET Centre, stands as a prominent repository for ETDs in India. It serves as a vital platform for preserving and disseminating research work conducted in academic institutions across the country. Since its establishment in 2011, Shodhganga has been collecting theses data from various universities and institutions in India. Similarly, repositories worldwide have recognized the significance of ETDs and have been established to collect and distribute these valuable works, providing researchers and the academic community with access to a wealth of knowledge. Notable repositories include ProQuestGlobal (PQDT), which hosts a comprehensive collection of ETDs from universities worldwide. DART-Europe E-theses Portal acts as a collaborative platform, granting centralized access to ETDs from European universities. The Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD) is an international organization dedicated to promoting ETD adoption and dissemination. Additionally, PQDT Open, a subset of ProQuest, provides access to a substantial collection of open-access Theses and Dissertations. These repositories serve as invaluable resources, enabling researchers to explore a wide range of research topics and facilitating knowledge sharing within the academic community. To ensure effective organization and description of the stored ETDs, repositories adhere to specific metadata standards. These standards guarantee consistent capture of essential details, such as Author names, Titles, Summaries, Subject categories, and Keywords. By employing these standards, repositories, simplify the process of discovering and utilizing ETDs, making research more streamlined and accessible. In line with the importance of metadata standards, this paper aims at comparing and analyzing the metadata standards employed by Shodhganga with other established ETD standards. The study seeks to identify similarities and differences between Shodhganga and widely implemented ETD standards. The outcomes of this analysis will contribute to advancing knowledge in metadata practices within the ETD field, ultimately aiding in the development of improved standards for ETD repositories.Item Current Status of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) in Shodhganga by State Universities in West Bengal(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Mishra, AshishThe aim of this study is to assess the status of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs), from state universities in West Bengal. These ETDs are stored in an open-access repository called Shodhganga, which is hosted and maintained by INFLIBNET. There are currently 37 state universities in West Bengal, out of which 20 have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with INFLIBNET. However, only 17 of these universities have submitted their ETDs to the repository. Among them, the University of Calcutta leads with the 13850 number of ETDs. Jadavpur University and the University of Kalyani both deposited 3575 and 2837 ETDs, respectively, securing second and third place. The State University of West Bengal's ETDs were also evaluated for their contributions on a departmental and linguistic level. The University of Calcutta's Department of Science had the most contributions (2230 ETDs), while English was the most popular language for ETDs at Shodhganga.Item Measuring Central Universities' Research Contribution to the Nation (India): An Assessment of ETDs (Shodhganga)(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Kaur, Manmeet; Bhat, Raja RamItem Enhancing Catalog Records of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) with ORCID Identifiers: A Case Study at the University of Tennessee Libraries(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Roberts, Anchalee PanigabutraTennessee Research and Creative Exchange is The University of Tennessee’s (UTK) open-access archive for research and creative work by UTK scholars and researchers; including electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) (University of Tennessee Libraries, 2023a). UTK began to offer the submission of theses and dissertations in electronic format online as open-access content in the academic year 2002-2003 (University of Tennessee, 2002, p. 20). Catalogers at the University of Tennessee (UT) Libraries have been cataloging ETDs in Ex Libris Alma local catalog and OCLC WorldCat database. Between December 2019 to June 2020, UT Libraries participated in the PCC URIs in MARC Pilot (LC PCC, 2019, October 24). In this pilot, four catalogers and one practicum student added ETD authors’ and their advisors’ ORCID iDs (ORCID, 2023) to the catalog and name authority records following the pilot’s guideline and later adopted this practice into the current workflow. For the pilot, the participants added 371 ETD catalog records to OCLC WorldCat database and the Libraries’ Ex Libris Alma catalog. During the pilot we observed that a small percentage of ETD authors’ and major professors’ ORCID iDs do not display their information to the public. The article concludes with the impact of ORCID iDs in the global linked data platforms such as WorldCat Entities and Wikidata and its potential for further data analyses on scholarly communication in Scholia, a tool to create scholarly profiles based on Wikidata.Item Development of Interoperable RDRs System in India: A Conceptual Proposal(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) T R, Manu; Gala, BhaktiRDM services in India is at the nascent level. Most of the libraries are still exploring opportunities and gaining knowledge in this emerging area to implement RDM services in the future fully. RDR is one of the essential RDM services offered by libraries. In India, there are over 50 RDRs are covered in re3data.org. But the maximum of them are general data repositories that cover factual data sources. Also, these repositories are separate among institutional, ministries/funding agencies and national data repositories and have duplicate data elements. In India, there is a need to develop a national RDR that is interoperable with ministry/ funding agencies level and institutional level RDRs and need to establish the national level research data services like UK Data Service, Research Data Canada, Research Data Management - Science Europe, National Research Data Infrastructure Germany, Swedish National Data Service (SND), Landelijk Coördinatiepunt Research Data Management (LCRDM) - Netherlands etc. to take the initiative of developing the national level interoperable RDR system in India. Therefore, in this research study, researchers have proposed developing an interoperable RDR system in India. It also identified the pillars of RDM interoperability and RDM stakeholders in India. It proposed the RDR system in India, which comprises institutional, disciplined or ministries and higher education departments, and national level central RDR.Item Open Access Repository and Availability of ETDs in Nepal(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Aryal, Jagadish ChandraMost of the research work done around the globe as an academic mandate does not get published. Some of the researchers who publish their work in academic journals are not easily accessible to the general public due to their high subscription costs. Very few of them get published in an open-access repository accessible to all interested. Electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) are very important to the university students and other researchers because of their academic value. Despite its importance, the archived ETDs in the institutional repository of the universities abroad (western countries) are not accessible to the public. To fulfill this gap in scholarly communication, Nepali universities and some other institutions in Nepal have initiated digital archiving in an open-access medium. This paper tries to show the situation of digital repositories in Nepal. Ten major digital repositories of universities, research institutions, the United Nations Resource Centre in Nepal, and the digital repositories run by the organisations of Nepal government, as well as non-government organisations, have been selected for this study. They archive a variety of items including books, journal articles, book chapters, ETDs, reports, conference papers, and images while major collections in the university repositories are ETDs. Most of these repositories are open-access.Item Understanding and Perceptions of Institutional Repositories among the Academic Community in Rayalaseema Region, Andhra Pradesh(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Patnala, RK Kishore; Veeranjaneyulu, Ch; Birangal, Vaijinath STo gain a comprehensive understanding of the attitudes and awareness of research scholars and faculty members about Institutional Repositories at higher education institutions in Rayalaseema region, Andhra Pradesh, it is important to conduct a thorough study that encompasses various aspects. This study should aim to identify the level of awareness, attitudes, perceptions among research scholars and faculty members regarding the importance of institutional repositories, funding opportunities, and the latest developments in their respective fields. This study can be used to develop strategies that promote a culture of IR in higher education institutions in Rayalaseema region, Andhra Pradesh.Item Unveiling the Growth and Usage Pattern of Electronic Theses and Dissertations Through National ETD Repository: A Case Study of Shodhganga(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Surbhi; Kumar, RajanPoor visibility and closed accessibility of printed copies of Theses available in the Libraries were the major issues among the research community in India before the year 2009. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) which is the digitised version of traditional print theses and dissertations, have emerged as an important means of sharing, transferring and collaborating the research and publication output of any Institution. ETDs, not only, support the documents submission and archiving, but also, play an important role in collaboration and Interoperability among the Institutions in terms of research output i.e. PhD Theses. The objective of this study is to explore the growth and usage analytics of Shodhganga. The present study explored various methods to analyse the data from Shodhganga in terms of Theses submissions, usage pattern, accessibility, growth and usability, metadata formats and standards, workflow management, metadata creation, data validation, text mining, Citations export tool and a file format, etc.Item Landscape of Metadata Schemas for Research Data Repositories: FAIRsharing Analysis(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) T R, Manu; Hasan, NabiResearch data is the recorded information generated while conducting research, writing an article, theses and dissertations, and other research processes. Providing access to research data is a challenge for all stakeholders in the research community. Metadata schemas contain metadata properties describing a research data repository, such as general scope, content, infrastructure, technical, quality, and metadata standards. Several metadata schemas are available for describing the research data repository. However, to facilitate the selection of an appropriate metadata standard for the research repository, the RDA Metadata Standards Directory, re3data.org, and FAIRsharing have compiled a list of metadata schemas in a single platform. FAIRsharing is a curated platform for information and education resources on data and metadata standards, inter-related to databases and data policies. Therefore, researchers preferred FAIRsharing to undertake a study on the assessment of the landscape of metadata schemas indexed by the platform with objectives of identifying the list of metadata schemas, studying their growth and development, distinguishing the disciplinary metadata schemas, identifying the country-wise contributions, organizations, funding and government bodies and institutional contributions in developing and actively maintaining metadata schemas, etc. The result found that FAIRsharing has covered over 1600 metadata schemas covering all the major domains of science and technology, medicine, management, arts & humanities, and social science. It has overwhelming organizations to maintain and fund developing the metadata schemas. The maximum of the metadata schemas is attributed by the Creative Commons attribution, GNU General Public License, Open Data Commons Attributions, etc. Overall, the study found it worthy for data curators, metadata creators, data repository developers, policymakers, research data librarians, etc., to select the appropriate metadata schema for the research data repository.Item Assessing and Promoting Metadata Quality for Electronic Theses and Dissertations in Institutional Repositories Using a Policy-Driven Approach(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Kasonde, Cecilia. C.; Phiri, LightonElectronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) have become integral to higher education institutions' (HEIs) repositories, facilitating accessibility, sharing, and preservation of research. High-quality metadata is crucial for effective ETD discovery, retrieval, and preservation. The Zambia National ETD portal project seeks to aggregate metadata from HEIs for a nationwide portal. This study examines ETD metadata quality and ingestion processes in HEI repositories, focusing on institutional repository policies. Using mixed methods, the research assesses ETD metadata in Zambian HEIs with functional repositories. Quantitative analysis rates metadata completeness using the ETD-MS standard. Interviews with 16 stakeholders from 8 HEIs identify policy-related influences on metadata quality. Result shows low ETD metadata completeness, averaging 6.43 out of 10. Institutions often diverge from standards like ETD-MS, creating their own or adapting existing ones. Compliance with NDLTD's 14 metadata elements is poor, with optional elements like contributors and coverage often missing. The study highlights metadata's importance, particularly completeness, for IRs. It advocates prioritizing metadata quality through standardized practices, creator training, and quality control mechanisms. Addressing metadata enhances ETD discoverability and utility both nationally and globally.Item Libraries and Sustainable Development Goals: Case study of Atmiya University Library and Learning Centre(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Tank, SheetalThis research paper examines the role of libraries in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), a set of 17 global objectives aimed at promoting sustainable development and addressing key challenges like poverty, inequality, climate change, and environmental degradation. Specifically, the study focuses on the contributions of the Atmiya University Library and Learning Centre in spreading awareness, educating, and supporting research related to the SDG 2030. The paper's objectives encompass sharing best practices for SDGoriented services, exploring the impact of technology on library services, and identifying the necessary competencies for librarians to effectively engage with SDGs. Employing a case study approach, the paper evaluates the services provided by the Atmiya University Library and Learning Centre in line with the SDGs. The findings reveal that these library services have led to increased resource utilization and heightened community engagement in both resource and service development. The research underscores the essential role of libraries in fostering awareness, education, and research regarding the SDGs, thus reshaping their fundamental purpose. The paper concludes by emphasizing the value of integrating SDG knowledge into library practices, which can enhance services, strengthen academic connections, and align institutional activities with the SDGs. Overall, libraries are positioned to be pivotal in not only advocating for SDGs but also in actively contributing to their realization through proactive and informed efforts.Item Trends in Women Studies, 2011-2020: A Computational Text Analysis(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Das, Suman; Kumar K, Manoj; Das, Anup Kumar; Tripathi, ManoramaThe interdisciplinary field of Women's Studies is manifested in diverse forms within the educational and research landscape of Indian universities and institutions. By scrutinizing trends and patterns in research, particularly focused in PhD theses, a comprehensive understanding of this field's evolution can be gleaned. In India, the discipline of Women's Studies is in a constant state of transformation, continually adapting its dimensions. In this study, we present our findings derived from an examination of the core theses produced over the last decade (2011-2020), exploring various facets of Women's Studies across multiple departments. Leveraging the Shodhganga digital theses repository, we meticulously selected 1389 theses as the basis of our analysis. The analysis reveals that the southern region of Corresponding Author: Dr. Manorama Tripathi, Email: manoramatripathi2@yahoo.com India has exhibited the highest publication output of these theses. To gain deeper insights into the breadth of research topics addressed by scholars, we employed computational text analysis techniques, specifically employing two prominent methods: Structural Topic Modelling (STM) and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). These methodologies enabled us to unravel the hierarchical arrangement of topics and the co-occurrence patterns within the documents. In conclusion, our study underscores the significance and utility of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) repositories, particularly in the context of Women's Studies in India. These repositories not only facilitate comprehensive analysis but also provide a valuable resource for researchers and scholars aiming to comprehend the trajectory.Item A Visibility Check of Disaster Management ETDs in Shodhganga(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) K P, Bhavya; Dhanyasree, V. K.Theses and dissertations are the first-hand information sources produced as a result of research. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) have played a pivotal role in overcoming accessibility challenges, rendering research innovations a mere finger-touch away. Shodhganga the online repository of Indian theses act as a reservoir of intellectual inputs and they took the initiative to disseminate the invaluable knowledge across the horizon. This has significantly enhanced the visibility of theses and dissertations, and the convenience offered by electronic formats further contributes to their widespread reach. In this high time, it is important to study the visibility of highly specialized areas like disaster management. This study is intended to understand the visibility of disaster management ETDs deposited in Shodhganga, their discipline-wise distribution, influential and productive institutions, influential articles, and authors. Data was obtained from the Shodhganga website from 24th-29th May 2023, Visibility is calculated using Google Scholar, and data analysis is done with the help of MS Excel. The study found that the ETDs growth in the field of disaster management is non-linear with substantial highs and lows. The science and Technology field contributes a lion's share of the ETDs, most influential authors, and most influential and productive institutions are also identified from the study.Item Indian Contribution to Medicine Datasets: An Analysis(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) S, Nayanthara; Sulochana, AnilaThe registry of research data repositories, re3data.org, documents over 1,400 research data repositories worldwide, making it the web's largest and most comprehensive online catalog. The Library and Information Services Department (LIS) of the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, the Computer and Media Service at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, the Purdue University Libraries, and the KIT Library at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) are project partners in re3data.org (The Landscape of Research Data Repositories in 2015: A Re3data Analysis, n.d.). After merging with the American DataBib in 2014, re3data.org became a DataCite service in 2016. DataCite is a non-profit international organization that provides a way for researchers to obtain credit and recognition for sharing their research data (The British Library, n.d.). "Research data" refers to a model of raw statistical or visual data gathered from necessary sources during a scientific investigation. A massive amount of data is generated in the medical sciences due to observations, experiments, and clinical investigations. In medicine, there are 961 listed repositories, divided into 48 sub-categories. A few registered repositories are noted as closed, and there are also subjects with no currently listed data repositories. India contributes 2.81% of the total datasets in medicine indexed in re3data.org with 21 datasets. This study aims at analyzing the Indian raw datasets that belong to Medicine in re3.org. The availability and accessibility of research data will aid in discovering new knowledge and developing new approaches for improving research quality. To advance knowledge, researchers affiliated with institutions and organizations should be motivated to deposit and incorporate data gathered through their research into institutional research data repositories or other discipline repositories. There are enormous quantities of organized public health data emerging in various academic, government, or non-commercial disciplines, and making these datasets available, especially in the medical discipline, is extremely necessary to accelerate the research as we live in a world of unforeseeable global medical emergencies. Moreover, re3data.org can potentially improve and promote the best data preservation and management practices.Item Scenario of University Libraries Initiative Towards Institutional Repositories in Nagpur Region: An Analysis of University Library’s Webpages(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Balkundi, Shivani; Bhalerao, VrushaliUniversities are enriched with its resources like thesis and dissertations. These unpublished research materials do not have a digital platform to share them to the users who need information on topic of their research.Unless they visit the library; they will not get access to these dissertations in physical form. Users may get access to digital thesis of universities through the repositories of the universities. The study is based on analysis of the websites of universities and institutions.The study discussed and focused on the present status of the universities in Nagpur Region whether these universities are having institutional repositories and how these could be accessible to the users. The study also finds out whether any other institutions other than universities are having institutional repositories in this region. It was concluded that lot many efforts must be taken, to show case the universities own published material as well as thesis and dissertations through institutional repositories. If university libraries will provide soft copies of these research reports through institutional repositories, then only the world-wide researchers will get access to them. The research institutions are also having institutional repositories in this region and having rich resources in the digital form.Item Impact Analysis of Shodhganga ETD Repository through the Lens of Scopus Citing Documents(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Pradhan, Pallab; Zala, Lavji NShodhganga: a reservoir of Indian theses, a repository developed and maintained by the INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, hosts and makes accessible thousands of Indian Electronic Theses & Dissertations (ETDs) (PhD theses, including a few thousand MPhil theses). Are those PhD research works used or impacting scholarly communication and academic research in general, and if so, how? To investigate, Elsevier’s Scopus database was searched through its references search feature using search terms/links, i.e., shodhganga, shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, sg.inflibnet.ac.in, retrievedfromshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in, and baadalsg.inflibnet.ac.in. It was pre-convinced by the researchers that the references list of any citing documents in which the searched terms/links will appear must have referred to or cited Shodhganga or any of its theses available. A total of 2042 references with the terms mentioned above/links were extracted for further analysis from a total of 1764 citing documents that were retrieved from Scopus. However, the analysis and findings of the study are based on the details of only 1764 handles/theses after removing duplicates, handles those details were either not found or withdrawn from Shodhganga. This article attempts to analyse the impact of India's national ETD repository, Shodhganga, and its theses through reference analysis, finding the top theses. These top universities are cited, and so on.Item Mapping the Contribution of ETDs to Shodhganaga by the North East Universities in LIS Research(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Purkayastha, Nilanjana; Sinha, Manoj KumarNowadays, ETDs stands for Electronic Thesis and Dissertation are widely used by the faculty and scholars’ community. With the invention of open access, sharing and accessing information has become more frequent in digital environment. Every year institutions are generating lot of research report in various field of study across the world, but the access to those research report is limited. To solve this problem the concept of ETDs came into light, with the help of Open Access initiative nowadays, all the intuitions are supporting free access and dissemination of research output to end users. ETDs facilitates the scholars with new ideas of research and innovation. This study analyses the contribution of ETDs on Shodhganga made by the North East (NE) Sate and Central Universities. The study thoroughly examines the Shodhganga website to get clear picture of the status of ETDs in India. The study also focused on finding out the growth LIS-ETDs in North East State and Central Universities. The findings of the study revealed that total 16455 number of ETDs were contributed by the selected universities of NE as of 1 August 2023. It is important for University Authorities and Librarian to understand the potential of ETDs in growth and development of innovative ideas in research and to achieve academic success. The study also found out that the contribution of ETDs in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS) by the NE universities are very low. Furthermore, the study also depicts that research scholars of NE are very much aware of ETDs on Shodhganga and frequently use the ETDs available on Shodhganga for their research work. They are highly satisfied with the use of Shodhganga, however, a good number of research scholars mentioned insufficient terminal is a problem, they face while accessing Shodhganga.Item Iranian National Electronic Theses and Dissertations Program: Development, Achievements, and Obstacles(INFLIBNET Centre, Gandhinagar, 2023-11-17) Alidousti, Sirous; Rasuli, BehroozNational programs for Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) are valuable for universities, government, and industry. National ETDs (NETDs) aim to gather ETDs from institutions around a country and disseminate them based on certain terms and conditions. An NETDs program brings numerous advantages to all stakeholders within a country. As a result, many nations have already implemented their own NETDs initiatives. Over the past few decades, Iran has taken steps to plan and execute its own NETDs program. In its initial phase, the Iranian Documentation Center (IranDoc) pioneered a program in 1969 to collect and index the theses from Iranian higher education institutes (HEIs). The first tangible output of this program was the ‘Bibliography of Theses in Social Science’, which has been printed and published in July 1974. This center center persisted in the compilation, indexing, and dissemination of theses and dissertations until 1992. Subsequently, between 1992 and 2017, significant milestones marked the advancement of the NETDs program in Iran. Eventually, a law mandating the establishment of an NETDs program was passed by the Iranian Parliament in September 2017. This paper aims to trace the evolution of the NETDs program in Iran, delineating its chronological progression. Furthermore, the present status is expounded, and the accomplishments of this program are discussed, offering insights into the successes achieved. Finally, the lessons learned through the development of the Iranian NETDs program and related obstacles are examined.
- «
- 1 (current)
- 2
- 3
- »